Hi Christoph.
The problem with Autodesk is that they keep changing the goal posts, so to speak as far as importing DXF/ DWG files are concerned, making importing of ANY file made by any other application other than AutoCAD extremely difficult (fwiw, Inventor files won't open in AutoCAD either

and both these apps are also Autodesk owned!

). This is a worldwide known problem for all- so you are not on your own
There was a way of importing DXF/ DXF R12 Q-Cad files to AutoCAD- I'm trying to remember. I may have to get back to you as I do not have AutoCAD here right now- but it does work.
You will however, have to run a few things in AutoCAD to get it to work- one thing however, is that text DOES NOT WORK! So try inputting text afterwards. Failing that, just throw AutoCAD in the bin and just use Q-Cad. You'll save a lot of money!
Tom